{"id":7466,"date":"2025-11-13T17:40:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T09:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xinyixx.com\/?p=7466"},"modified":"2025-11-13T17:40:26","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T09:40:26","slug":"book-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xinyixx.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/13\/book-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4ece\u96f6\u5230\u4e00\uff0c\u63ed\u5f00\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u9762\u7eb1<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e0\u548c1\u7684\u5947\u5e7b\u4e4b\u65c5<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bdd<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u53cc\u51fb\u9f20\u6807\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u6572\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u952e\uff0c\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u770b\u7740\u624b\u673a\u91cc\u7684APP\u8fd0\u884c\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u6d41\u7545\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u600e\u6837\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u5e26\u4f60\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u65e5\u672c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u7684\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4ece&quot;\u4f1a\u7528\u7535\u8111&quot;\u5230&quot;\u61c2\u7535\u8111&quot;\u7684\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd9\u573a\u5173\u4e8e0\u548c1\u7684\u5947\u5e7b\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1aCPU\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u7684\uff1f<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u5148\u95ee\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 + 1 = \uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u7b49\u4e8e2\u554a\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u7528\u95ee\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u518d\u95ee\u4f60\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u90531 + 1 = 2\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u5417\uff1f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5199\u597d\u4e86\u52a0\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6267\u884c\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd&quot;\u6267\u884c&quot;\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48&quot;\u6267\u884c&quot;\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 CPU\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u80fd\u505a\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u6b21\u7b97\u672f\u9898\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u70b9\u7279\u6b8a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u505a\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u9898\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u8d77\u6765<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u79fb\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u5de6\u79fb\u6216\u53f3\u79fb<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong>\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u54ea\u4e2a\u5927<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b58\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u6570\u5b57\u653e\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53d6\u51fa\u6765<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u7b14\u753b\u53ea\u6709\u6a2a\u7ad6\u6487\u637a\u6298\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u53ea\u67097\u4e2a\u97f3\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u65e0\u6570\u52a8\u542c\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1.3 CPU\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4-\u89e3\u7801-\u6267\u884c<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u89e3\u91caCPU\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53a8\u5e08\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u9053\u83dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u9762\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u83dc\u8c31\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u83dc\u8c31\u4e0a\u5199\u7740\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u62ff\u51fa\u9e21\u86cb\n\u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u6253\u788e\u9e21\u86cb\n\u6b65\u9aa43\uff1a\u6405\u62cc\u9e21\u86cb\n\u6b65\u9aa44\uff1a\u5012\u5165\u9505\u4e2d\n\u6b65\u9aa45\uff1a\u7ffb\u70923\u5206\u949f<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u770b\u83dc\u8c31<\/strong>\uff08\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u770b\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff1a\u62ff\u51fa\u9e21\u86cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u83dc\u8c31<\/strong>\uff08\u89e3\u7801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8981\u6211\u4ece\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\u62ff\u51fa\u9e21\u86cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff08\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8d70\u5230\u51b0\u7bb1\u524d\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u51b0\u7bb1\uff0c\u62ff\u51fa\u9e21\u86cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4\uff08Fetch\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u7801\uff08Decode\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6267\u884c\uff08Execute\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&quot;\u6307\u4ee4\u5468\u671f&quot;\uff08Instruction Cycle\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u800cCPU\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\uff0c\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u6b21\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1.4 \u65f6\u949f\u9891\u7387\uff1aCPU\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48CPU\u6709&quot;\u4e3b\u9891&quot;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a3.0 GHz\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a3.0 GHz\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u662fCPU\u7684&quot;\u5fc3\u8df3&quot;\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u8df3\u52a860-100\u6b21\uff0cCPU\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684&quot;\u5fc3\u8df3&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.0 GHz = 30\u4ebf\u6b21\/\u79d2<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aCPU\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u80fd&quot;\u8df3\u52a8&quot;30\u4ebf\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21&quot;\u8df3\u52a8&quot;\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\uff0cCPU\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u5fc3\u8df3\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u5feb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u80fd\u65e0\u9650\u63d0\u5347\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<h3>1.5 CPU\u7684\u6781\u9650\uff1a\u529f\u8017\u5899\u548c\u6563\u70ed\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u53d1\u70ed\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3aCPU\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u70ed\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u4e3b\u9891\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f00\u5173\u5207\u6362\u8d8a\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0cCPU\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u4f1a\u5927\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u6563\u70ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f&quot;\u529f\u8017\u5899&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cCPU\u7684\u4e3b\u9891\u589e\u957f\u5c31\u505c\u6ede\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u90a3\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u591a\u505a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e72\u6d3b\u592a\u7d2f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u591a\u627e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5e72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u7684CPU\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53cc\u6838<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u6838<\/li>\n<li>\u516b\u6838<\/li>\n<li>\u5341\u516d\u6838<\/li>\n<li>\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1.6 \u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/h3>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u529e\u4e00\u573a\u5a5a\u5bb4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a100\u9053\u83dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u67091\u4e2a\u53a8\u5e08\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u898110\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u670910\u4e2a\u53a8\u5e08\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u9700\u89811\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6709\u4e9b\u83dc\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u505a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u5148\u7092\u83dc\uff0c\u540e\u88c5\u76d8<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53a8\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c01\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8c01\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7089\u7076<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684<\/strong>\uff1a\u7089\u7076\u3001\u9505\u3001\u8c03\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u6838\u5fc3CPU\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406100\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5fc5\u987b\u4e32\u884c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u4f9d\u8d56\u524d\u4e00\u9879\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6027\u80fd\u7ffb\u500d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60&quot;\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b&quot;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1.7 CPU\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1a\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>CPU\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u53eb\u505a&quot;\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668&quot;\uff08Register\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662fCPU\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u591a\u5feb\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u77ac\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u89811\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\uff08RAM\uff09\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u786c\u76d8\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bb0\u4f4f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u5185\u5b58\/\u786c\u76d8\uff09\u5bb9\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u8c03\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1.8 \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff1aCPU\u7684&quot;\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868&quot;<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPU\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684&quot;\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u662fCPU\u80fd\u542c\u61c2\u7684&quot;\u547d\u4ee4&quot;\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>x86\u67b6\u6784\uff1aIntel\u548cAMD\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/li>\n<li>ARM\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u624b\u673a\u548c\u5e73\u677f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/li>\n<li>RISC-V\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684CPU\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981&quot;\u7ffb\u8bd1&quot;\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iPhone\u7684APP\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5728Android\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3aWindows\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5728Mac\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u9664\u975e\u8fdb\u884c&quot;\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1&quot;\u6216&quot;\u6a21\u62df&quot;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u821e\u53f0<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4CPU\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684&quot;\u5927\u8111&quot;\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684&quot;\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f0&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u521b\u4f5c\u4e00\u5e45\u753b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111<\/strong>\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u753b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u753b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u753b\u5e03\u548c\u8c03\u8272\u677f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u786c\u76d8\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\u548c\u5907\u7528\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u8981\u521b\u4f5c\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4ece\u4ed3\u5e93\uff08\u786c\u76d8\uff09\u62ff\u51fa\u753b\u5e03\u548c\u989c\u6599<\/li>\n<li>\u653e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f0\uff08\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u4e0a<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u4f5c\uff08CPU\u5904\u7406\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u4f5c\u54c1\u653e\u56de\u4ed3\u5e93\uff08\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u786c\u76d8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a&quot;\u623f\u95f4&quot;\u90fd\u6709\u95e8\u724c\u53f7<\/h3>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u680b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u680b\u697c\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u80fd\u5b58\u653e1\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff088\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u95e8\u724c\u53f7\uff0c\u53eb\u505a&quot;\u5730\u5740&quot;\uff08Address\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5730\u5740 0x0000: \u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e 01010101\n\u5730\u5740 0x0001: \u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e 11001100\n\u5730\u5740 0x0002: \u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e 00110011\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5f53CPU\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u5185\u5b58\uff1a&quot;\u7ed9\u6211\u5730\u57400x0042\u7684\u6570\u636e&quot;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9CPU\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f&quot;\u5185\u5b58\u5bfb\u5740&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u5730\u5740\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf4&quot;\u7ed9\u6211\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u636e&quot;\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6709\u592a\u591a\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u501f\u4e66\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ddf\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8bf4\uff1a&quot;\u7ed9\u6211\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8981\u8bf4\uff1a&quot;\u7ed9\u6211\u7f16\u53f7A123-456\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684&quot;\u7f16\u53f7&quot;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u77e5\u9053\u6570\u636e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u5740\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5b58\u4e5f\u53eb&quot;\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u5b58\u50a8\u5668&quot;\uff08RAM\uff0cRandom Access Memory\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>2.4 \u6307\u9488\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684&quot;\u4ee3\u53f7&quot;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u6307\u9488\uff08Pointer\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u7ed5\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u4e86\u4f60\u5730\u5740\uff1a&quot;XX\u8defXX\u53f7&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a&quot;XX\u8defXX\u53f7&quot;\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&quot;\u6307\u9488&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u623f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int x = 100;        \/\/ x\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e100\nint *p = &amp;x;        \/\/ p\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b58\u653ex\u7684\u5730\u5740\n```\n\n**\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a**\n\n1. \u627e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\n2. \u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\n3. \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff09\n\n**\u6307\u9488\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u7b49\u5e95\u5c42\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002**\n\n### 2.5 \u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff1a\u6808\u548c\u5806\n\n\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6808\uff08Stack\uff09\u548c\u5806\uff08Heap\uff09\u3002\n\n**\u6808\uff08Stack\uff09\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa**\n\n\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u5728\u6d17\u7897\uff0c\u6d17\u597d\u7684\u7897\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u645e\u8d77\u6765\u3002\n\n\u6700\u540e\u6d17\u7684\u7897\u5728\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5148\u62ff\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6808\uff1a\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff08LIFO\uff0cLast In First Out\uff09\u3002**\n\n\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff1a\n\n- \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\n- \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\n- \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u6808\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\n\n**\u6808\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a**\n- \u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\n- \u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\n- \u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u6709\u51e0MB\uff09\n\n**\u5806\uff08Heap\uff09\uff1a\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u4f7f\u7528**\n\n\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u653e\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\n\n\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u8bb0\u4f4f\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u4e86\u3002\n\n\u8981\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d6\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5806\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002**\n\n\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff1a\n\n- \u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\n- \u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\n- \u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\n\n**\u5806\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a**\n- \u7075\u6d3b\n- \u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\n- \u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u6162\n- \u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff09\n\n### 2.6 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5669\u68a6\n\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1f\n\n**\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u7528\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002**\n\n\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u79df\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u79df\uff0c\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53c8\u4e0d\u7528\u5b83\u3002\n\n\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed3\u5e93\u53ef\u79df\u4e86\u3002\n\n**\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff1a**\n\n\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u79ef\u7d2f\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u800c\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a**\n\n- C\/C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff08malloc\/free\uff09\n- Java\/Python\u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\"\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\"\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\n- \u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\n\n### 2.7 \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff1a\u8ba9\u5c0f\u5185\u5b58\u88c5\u4e0b\u5927\u7a0b\u5e8f\n\n\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\n\n**\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a8GB\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc78GB\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1f**\n\n\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u611f\u8c22\"\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\"\u6280\u672f\u3002\n\n**\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u7ed9\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002**\n\n\u5c31\u50cf\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff1a\n\n- \u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6709100\u4e07\u672c\u4e66\uff08\u786c\u76d8\uff09\n- \u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\u53ea\u80fd\u653e1000\u672c\u4e66\uff08\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n- \u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e66\n\n\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff1f\n\n**\u6309\u9700\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1a**\n\n1. \u8bfb\u8005\u8981\u67d0\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4ece\u5e93\u623f\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u653e\u5230\u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\n2. \u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u4e66\u653e\u56de\u5e93\u623f\n3. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\n\n**\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a**\n\n1. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\n2. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f53\u524d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\n3. \u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\uff08\u9875\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\/\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff09\n4. \u9700\u8981\u65f6\u518d\u8c03\u5165\u5185\u5b58\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\"\u5206\u9875\"\u673a\u5236\u3002**\n\n### 2.8 \u5185\u5b58\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7f13\u5b58\uff1f\n\n\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\uff0cCPU\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\n\n\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u6162\u5f97\u591a\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\uff1a**\n\nCPU\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u80fd\u505a\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\n\n\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u8981\u7b49\u5185\u5b58\u628a\u6570\u636e\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u624d\u53a8\u5e08\uff0c\u505a\u83dc\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u505a\u83dc\u90fd\u8981\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u6162\u6162\u5730\u4ece\u4ed3\u5e93\u62ff\u98df\u6750\u3002**\n\n\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\n\n**\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u7f13\u5b58\uff08Cache\uff09\u3002**\n\n\u5728CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u51e0\u5c42\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\n\n- **L1\u7f13\u5b58**\uff1a\u6700\u5feb\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\uff08\u51e0\u5341KB\uff09\uff0cCPU\u5185\u90e8\n- **L2\u7f13\u5b58**\uff1a\u6b21\u5feb\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0f\uff08\u51e0\u767eKB\uff09\uff0cCPU\u5185\u90e8\n- **L3\u7f13\u5b58**\uff1a\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\uff08\u51e0MB\u5230\u51e0\u5341MB\uff09\uff0cCPU\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u9644\u8fd1\n- **\u5185\u5b58**\uff1a\u6162\uff0c\u5927\uff08\u51e0GB\u5230\u51e0\u5341GB\uff09\n\n**\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff1a**\n\n1. CPU\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u5728L1\u7f13\u5b58\u627e\n2. \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u53bbL2\u7f13\u5b58\u627e\n3. \u8fd8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u53bbL3\u7f13\u5b58\u627e\n4. \u8fd8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u624d\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u627e\n5. \u627e\u5230\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u7528\u65f6\u5c31\u5feb\u4e86\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\"\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\"\u3002**\n\n\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8d8a\u5feb\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a**\n\n- \u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u8003\u8651\"\u6570\u636e\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\"\n- \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8981\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\n- \u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\n\n---\n\n## \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\n\n### 3.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u8ba4\u8bc60\u548c1\uff1f\n\n\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\n\n**\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc60-9\u5341\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1f**\n\n**\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u975e\u8981\u75280\u548c1\uff1f**\n\n\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\n\n**\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7528\u7535\u8def\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002**\n\n\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u706f\u5f00\u5173\uff1a\n\n- \u5f00\uff08\u6709\u7535\uff09= 1\n- \u5173\uff08\u6ca1\u7535\uff09= 0\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3002**\n\n\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u5462\uff1f\n\n\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u533a\u520610\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7535\u538b\u7b49\u7ea7\uff1a\n\n- 0V = 0\n- 0.5V = 1\n- 1.0V = 2\n- ...\n- 4.5V = 9\n\n**\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff1a**\n\n1. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u538b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c0.5V\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u62100.6V\n2. \u5f88\u96be\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\n3. \u8bc6\u522b\u8d77\u6765\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\n\n**\u800c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u548c\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\u3002**\n\n- 0-2.5V = 0\n- 2.5V-5V = 1\n\n**\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002**\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002**\n\n### 3.2 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\u6bd4\u4f60\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u7b80\u5355\n\n\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\n\n\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6bd4\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8fd8\u7b80\u5355\u3002\n\n**\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u52a0\u6cd5\uff1a**\n```\n  9\n+ 5\n---\n 14\n```\n\n\u4f60\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a9+5=14\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u8fdb\u4f4d\u3002\n\n**\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u52a0\u6cd5\uff1a**\n```\n  1\n+ 1\n---\n 10\n```\n\n\u89c4\u5219\u8d85\u7ea7\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\n\n- 0 + 0 = 0\n- 0 + 1 = 1\n- 1 + 0 = 1\n- 1 + 1 = 10\uff08\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff09\n\n**\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff01**\n\n\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f9+5=14\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u8868\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u7528\u7535\u8def\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002**\n\n### 3.3 \u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6b66\u5668\n\n\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7bc7\u5e45\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\n\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1f\n\n**\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002**\n\n**\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a**\n\n**1. AND\uff08\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09**\n```\n  1010\n&amp; 1100\n------\n  1000\n```\n\n\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u624d\u662f1\u3002\n\n**2. OR\uff08\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09**\n```\n  1010\n| 1100\n------\n  1110\n```\n\n\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f1\u3002\n\n**3. XOR\uff08\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09**\n```\n  1010\n^ 1100\n------\n  0110\n```\n\n\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u624d\u662f1\u3002\n\n**4. NOT\uff08\u975e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09**\n```\n~ 1010\n------\n  0101\n```\n\n\u89c4\u5219\uff1a0\u53d81\uff0c1\u53d80\u3002\n\n**5. \u5de6\u79fb\/\u53f3\u79fb**\n```\n1010 &lt;&lt; 1 = 10100  \uff08\u5de6\u79fb1\u4f4d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e58\u4ee52\uff09\n1010 &gt;&gt; 1 = 0101   \uff08\u53f3\u79fb1\u4f4d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u9664\u4ee52\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u662fCPU\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u503c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f88\u591a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u7528\u5230\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u989c\u8272\u6df7\u5408\u3001\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u662f2\u7684\u5e42\u6b21\u65b9\uff082\u30014\u30018\u300116&#8230;\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">bool isPowerOfTwo(int n) {\n    while (n &gt; 1) {\n        if (n % 2 != 0) return false;\n        n = n \/ 2;\n    }\n    return n == 1;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7528\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">bool isPowerOfTwo(int n) {\n    return n &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; (n &amp; (n - 1)) == 0;\n}\n```\n\n**\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u641e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff01**\n\n### 3.4 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\uff1a\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u8868\u793a\n\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u600e\u4e48\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u6570\uff1f\n\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n\n**\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u8d1f\u3002**\n\n\u6bd4\u59828\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a\n```\n0 0000001 = +1\n1 0000001 = -1\n```\n\n\u8fd9\u53eb\"\u539f\u7801\"\u3002\n\n**\u4f46\u539f\u7801\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff1a**\n```\n  +1\n+ -1\n-----\n```\n\n\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7ed3\u679c\u662f0\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f\n\n\u4f46\u7528\u539f\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\n```\n  00000001\n+ 10000001\n----------\n  10000010 = -2\n```\n\n**\u9519\u4e86\uff01**\n\n**\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\"\u8865\u7801\"\u3002**\n\n\u8865\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\n\n1. \u6b63\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\n2. \u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801 = \u6309\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd + 1\n\n\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\n```\n+1 = 00000001\n-1 = 11111111\n```\n\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48-1\u662f11111111\uff1f\n```\n+1 =  00000001\n\u53d6\u53cd = 11111110\n\u52a01 =  11111111\n```\n\n**\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u7b97+1 + -1\uff1a**\n```\n  00000001\n+ 11111111\n----------\n 100000000\n```\n\n\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a\n```\n00000000 = 0\n```\n\n**\u5bf9\u4e86\uff01**\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7528\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u6570\uff1a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002**\n\n### 3.5 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1a\u5c0f\u6570\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\uff1f\n\n\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u90a3\u5c0f\u6570\u5462\uff1f\n\n\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a3.14159\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\uff1f\n\n**\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7528\"\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\"\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\u3002**\n\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1f\n\n**\u5c31\u662f\"\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d6e\u52a8\u7684\u6570\"\u3002**\n\n\u5c31\u50cf\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u6570\u6cd5\uff1a\n```\n1234.56 = 1.23456 \u00d7 10\u00b3\n0.00123 = 1.23 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b3\n```\n\n**\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a**\n\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\n\n1. **\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d**\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u8d1f\n2. **\u6307\u6570**\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\n3. **\u5c3e\u6570**\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6548\u6570\u5b57\n\n\u6bd4\u5982IEEE 754\u6807\u51c6\u768432\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1a\n```\n[\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d1\u4f4d] [\u6307\u65708\u4f4d] [\u5c3e\u657023\u4f4d]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\uff1a-13.75<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\uff1a-1101.11<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u6570\u6cd5\uff1a-1.10111 \u00d7 2\u00b3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff1a1\uff08\u8d1f\u6570\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u6570\uff1a3 + 127 = 130 = 10000010<\/li>\n<li>\u5c3e\u6570\uff1a10111\uff08\u7701\u7565\u5f00\u5934\u76841\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>3.6 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">&gt;&gt;&gt; 0.1 + 0.2\n0.30000000000000004\n```\n\n**\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f0.3\uff1f**\n\n\u56e0\u4e3a0.1\u548c0.2\u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e2d\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u5c0f\u6570\uff01\n\n\u5c31\u50cf1\/3\u5728\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u4e2d\u662f0.333...\u4e00\u6837\u3002\n```\n0.1 (\u5341\u8fdb\u5236) = 0.000110011001100...(\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af)\n```\n\n**\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u9650\u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u622a\u65ad\u3002**\n\n\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u3002\n\n**\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a**\n\n- \u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u7528==\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\n- \u91d1\u878d\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\n- \u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7d2f\u79ef\u8bef\u5dee\n\n---\n\n## \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\n\n### 4.1 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u4ece\u673a\u5668\u7801\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\n\n\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\n\n**\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\"\u5c42\u6b21\"\u3002**\n\n**\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u7801**\n\n\u8fd9\u662fCPU\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5168\u662f0\u548c1\u3002\n```\n10110000 01100001\n```\n\n**CPU\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u3002**\n\n**\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff1a\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00**\n\n\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u7801\u8d77\u4e86\"\u540d\u5b57\"\u3002\n```\nMOV AL, 61h<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u628a61h\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u653e\u5230AL\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5199\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int x = 97;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\uff1a\u8d85\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<p>python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">x = 97<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u7528\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c42\u6b21\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u79bb\u786c\u4ef6\u8d8a\u8fdc\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u53d8\u6210\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<strong>\u7f16\u8bd1<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u628a\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u4ece\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587<\/li>\n<li>\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08C\u3001C++\u3001Go\u7b49\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 \u2192 \u673a\u5668\u7801 \u2192 \u6267\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff08\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u673a\u5668\u7801\u4e86\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u8f83\u665a\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b8c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u9010\u53e5\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u53e3\u8bd1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u542c\u4e00\u53e5\u82f1\u6587<\/li>\n<li>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u590d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08Python\u3001JavaScript\u3001Ruby\u7b49\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 \u89e3\u91ca\u5668 \u2192 \u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5c31\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u53d1\u5feb\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u4fbf<\/li>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\u5f3a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff08\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982Java\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 \u7f16\u8bd1 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u7801 \u2192 JVM\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u6709\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 \u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u628a\u96f6\u6563\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u88c5\u8d77\u6765<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u7136\u540e&quot;\u94fe\u63a5&quot;\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u9020\u6c7d\u8f66\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u9020\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u540e\u5728\u603b\u88c5\u5382\u7ec4\u88c5\uff08\u94fe\u63a5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ main.c\nextern int add(int a, int b);  \/\/ \u58f0\u660e\uff1aadd\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u522b\u5904\u5b9a\u4e49\n\nint main() {\n    int result = add(3, 5);\n    return 0;\n}\n\/\/ add.c\nint add(int a, int b) {  \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1aadd\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\n    return a + b;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>gcc -c main.c \u2192 main.o\ngcc -c add.c \u2192 add.o<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>gcc main.o add.o \u2192 a.out<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u53d1\u73b0main.o\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e86add\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u5728add.o\u4e2d\u627e\u5230add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<li>\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6b63main.o\u4e2d\u5bf9add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>4.4 \u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5 vs \u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/h3>\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<strong>\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u6253\u5305<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u53bb\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u88c5\u8fdb\u884c\u674e\u7bb1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u5e93<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f88\u5927<\/li>\n<li>\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e93\u4ee3\u7801\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5e93\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u6309\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u53bb\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u5e26\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u4e70\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>\u5e93\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u52a8\u53d7\u76ca<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u5e93\uff08DLL\u3001SO\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>&quot;DLL\u5730\u72f1&quot;\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Windows\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ecf\u5e38\u7f3aDLL\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>Linux\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5404\u79cdso\u5e93<\/li>\n<li>macOS\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f88\u5927\uff08\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e93\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.5 \u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff1a\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88c5\u5165\u5185\u5b58<\/h3>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8c01\u6765\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff08Loader\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u8f7d\u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u6574\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6808\u548c\u5806<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5165\u53e3\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53cc\u51fb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u56fe\u6807\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u7b49\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u624d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u6162\uff08\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u591a\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709&quot;\u542f\u52a8\u753b\u9762&quot;\uff08\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u770b\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.6 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40<\/h3>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>+-------------------+ \u9ad8\u5730\u5740\n|      \u6808\uff08Stack\uff09   |  \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\n+-------------------+\n|        \u2193          |  \u6808\u5411\u4e0b\u589e\u957f\n|                   |\n|        \u2191          |  \u5806\u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u957f\n+-------------------+\n|      \u5806\uff08Heap\uff09    |  \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\n+-------------------+\n|   BSS\u6bb5           |  \u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\n+-------------------+\n|   \u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff08Data\uff09   |  \u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\n+-------------------+\n|   \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08Text\uff09   |  \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801\n+-------------------+ \u4f4e\u5730\u5740<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08Text Segment\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\uff08\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. \u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff08Data Segment\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. BSS\u6bb5\uff08Block Started by Symbol\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. \u5806\uff08Heap\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>\u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u957f\uff08\u4ece\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5411\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\uff08malloc\/free\uff0cnew\/delete\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. \u6808\uff08Stack\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u5411\u4e0b\u589e\u957f\uff08\u4ece\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5411\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int global_var = 100;           \/\/ \u6570\u636e\u6bb5\nint global_uninitialized;       \/\/ BSS\u6bb5\n\nint main() {\n    int local_var = 200;        \/\/ \u6808\n    int *heap_var = malloc(sizeof(int));  \/\/ \u5806\n    *heap_var = 300;\n\n    printf(\"%dn\", global_var);\n    free(heap_var);\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u79bb\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6808\u548c\u5806\u5206\u5f00<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6808\u5411\u4e0b\u3001\u5806\u5411\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>4.7 \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff1a\u6808\u5e27<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u6808\u5e27\uff08Stack Frame\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8ba9\u6211\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int add(int a, int b) {\n    int sum = a + b;\n    return sum;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    int x = 3;\n    int y = 5;\n    int z = add(x, y);\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5f53main\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528add\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c1\u6b65\uff1a\u51c6\u5907\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u53c2\u6570\uff083\u548c5\uff09\u538b\u5165\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6808\uff1a\n+-----+\n|  5  |  \u53c2\u6570b\n+-----+\n|  3  |  \u53c2\u6570a\n+-----+<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c2\u6b65\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628amain\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528add\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u538b\u5165\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6808\uff1a\n+----------+\n| \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740  |\n+----------+\n|    5     |\n+----------+\n|    3     |\n+----------+<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c3\u6b65\uff1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230add\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CPU\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c4\u6b65\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e7\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u6307\u9488<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628amain\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u6307\u9488\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c5\u6b65\uff1a\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u4e3aadd\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cfsum\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6808\uff1a\n+----------+\n|   sum    |  add\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\n+----------+\n|   \u65e7EBP   |\n+----------+\n| \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740  |\n+----------+\n|    5     |\n+----------+\n|    3     |\n+----------+<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c6\u6b65\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97sum = a + b = 3 + 5 = 8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c7\u6b65\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u628a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff088\uff09\u653e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08\u6bd4\u5982EAX\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6062\u590d\u6808\uff1a\u6e05\u7406\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u6808\u6307\u9488<\/li>\n<li>\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c8\u6b65\uff1a\u6e05\u7406\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>main\u51fd\u6570\u6e05\u7406\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u81ea\u5df1\u6e05\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6808\uff1a\n+-----+\n\uff08\u56de\u5230main\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6808\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7cbe\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9012\u5f52\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6808\u5e27<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u6808\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5d4c\u5957\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5d4c\u5957\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u6808\u4e0d\u6ea2\u51fa\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9012\u5f52\u592a\u6df1\u4f1a&quot;\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa&quot;\uff08Stack Overflow\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5931\u6548<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u5bb6<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u5bb6\u9152\u5e97\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u786c\u4ef6<\/strong>\u662f\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u8bbe\u65bd<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u662f\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u662f\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u804c\u8d23\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7ba1\u7406\u786c\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5171\u4eab\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e0d\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u786c\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6270<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba9\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u9152\u5e97\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5ba2\u4eba\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u623f\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4f\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u623f\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u6c34\u7535<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u50cf\u4e00\u4efd\u83dc\u8c31\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u50cf\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u83dc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u83dc\u8c31\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u53a8\u5e08\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53a8\u5e08\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u83dc\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong>\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2aChrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7a97\u53e3\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08chrome.exe\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u3001\u5806<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chrome\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u9875\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u7b7e\u9875\u8fd8\u80fd\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b7b\u6389\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5.3 \u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\uff08\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u81ea\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5207\u6362\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u5f97\u591a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6808\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u591a\u4ef6\u4e8b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u54cd\u5e94\u5feb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u4fbf\uff08\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0b1<\/strong>\uff1a\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0b2<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u6863<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0b3<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0b4<\/strong>\uff1a\u540e\u53f0\u6253\u5370<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>5.4 \u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5669\u68a6<\/h3>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5f80\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u8f6c\u8d26\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8d26\u6237\u521d\u59cb\u4f59\u989d\uff1a1000\u5143<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0bA\uff1a\u5b58\u5165100\u5143<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>1. \u8bfb\u53d6\u4f59\u989d\uff1a1000\n2. \u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a1000 + 100 = 1100\n3. \u5199\u56de\u4f59\u989d\uff1a1100<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0bB\uff1a\u5b58\u5165200\u5143<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>1. \u8bfb\u53d6\u4f59\u989d\uff1a1000\n2. \u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a1000 + 200 = 1200\n3. \u5199\u56de\u4f59\u989d\uff1a1200<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u65f6\u95f4\u70b91\uff1aA\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f59\u989d = 1000\n\u65f6\u95f4\u70b92\uff1aB\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f59\u989d = 1000\n\u65f6\u95f4\u70b93\uff1aA\u8ba1\u7b97 = 1100\n\u65f6\u95f4\u70b94\uff1aB\u8ba1\u7b97 = 1200\n\u65f6\u95f4\u70b95\uff1aA\u5199\u56de = 1100\n\u65f6\u95f4\u70b96\uff1aB\u5199\u56de = 1200<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u4f59\u989d\uff1a1200\u5143<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a1300\u5143\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>100\u5143\u4e0d\u7ffc\u800c\u98de\u4e86\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Race Condition\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u9501\uff08Lock\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u516c\u5171\u5395\u6240\uff0c\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u9501\u95e8\uff0c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u5f00\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">lock(mutex);        \/\/ \u52a0\u9501\nbalance = balance + 100;\nunlock(mutex);      \/\/ \u89e3\u9501<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u9501\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>5.5 \u6b7b\u9501\uff1a\u56db\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6b7b\u9501\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e92\u76f8\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u9910\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>5\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u56f4\u5750\u5728\u5706\u684c\u65c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e00\u76d8\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u684c\u4e0a\u67095\u53ea\u53c9\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u653e\u4e00\u53ea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5403\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u53ea\u53c9\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u65f6\u62ff\u8d77\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u53c9\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u53c9\u5b50<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u53c9\u5b50<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u53c9\u5b50\u88ab\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u62ff\u7740<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u9501\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4e92\u65a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5360\u6709\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u593a\u8d70<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b-\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u94fe<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u6253\u7834\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u62ff\u7f16\u53f7\u5c0f\u7684\u53c9\u5b50\uff08\u6253\u7834\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u53ea\u53c9\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u653e\u4e0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u62ff\u5230\u7684\uff08\u6253\u7834\u5360\u6709\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5.6 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1a\u8ba9CPU\u5fd9\u8d77\u6765<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684&quot;\u540c\u65f6&quot;\uff0c\u800c\u662f&quot;\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362&quot;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6742\u6280\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u629b\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u7403\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u5207\u6362\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u540c\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f&quot;\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c&quot;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\uff08\u6bd4\u598210\u6beb\u79d2\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u8fd0\u884c10\u6beb\u79d2<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0bB\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c10\u6beb\u79d2<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0bC\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c10\u6beb\u79d2<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u6362\u56de\u8fdb\u7a0bA\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c10\u6beb\u79d2<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u5207\u6362\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u64ad\u653e\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\uff08\u9f20\u6807\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6279\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u7740\u6025\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6162\u6162\u6765\uff08\u540e\u53f0\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\uff0c\u753b\u9762\u6d41\u7545<\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u53f0\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u524d\u53f0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>\u97f3\u4e50\u64ad\u653e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5361\u987f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5.7 \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9632\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u5185\u5b58\u5171\u4eab<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u9875\uff08Paging\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684&quot;\u9875&quot;\uff08\u901a\u5e384KB\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u5206\u6210\u540c\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u7684&quot;\u9875&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a&quot;\u9875\u8868&quot;\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u865a\u62df\u9875\u53f7 \u2192 \u7269\u7406\u9875\u53f7\n0        \u2192 100\n1        \u2192 523\n2        \u2192 234\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>CPU\u628a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5206\u6210&quot;\u9875\u53f7&quot;\u548c&quot;\u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb&quot;<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u9875\u8868\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7269\u7406\u9875\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec4\u5408\u7269\u7406\u9875\u53f7\u548c\u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531MMU\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff09\u786c\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>5.8 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5173\u95ed\u540e\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b58\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u786c\u76d8\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210&quot;\u6587\u4ef6&quot;\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ba1\u7406\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FAT32<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc74GB<\/li>\n<li><strong>NTFS<\/strong>\uff1aWindows\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927<\/li>\n<li><strong>ext4<\/strong>\uff1aLinux\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u597d<\/li>\n<li><strong>APFS<\/strong>\uff1amacOS\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9SSD\u4f18\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. i-node\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\/\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. \u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5230i-node\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<code>\/home\/user\/document.txt<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<code>\/<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<li>\u627e\u5230<code>home<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u7684i-node<\/li>\n<li>\u5728<code>home<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u627e\u5230<code>user<\/code>\u7684i-node<\/li>\n<li>\u5728<code>user<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u627e\u5230<code>document.txt<\/code>\u7684i-node<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u636ei-node\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 I\/O\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8981\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981I\/O\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\uff1a\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3001\u97f3\u7bb1&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\uff1a\u786c\u76d8\u3001U\u76d8\u3001SD\u5361&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f51\u5361\u3001WiFi\u6a21\u5757&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08Device Driver\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u5c31\u50cf&quot;\u7ffb\u8bd1&quot;\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bf4\uff1a&quot;\u6211\u8981\u8bfb\u6570\u636e&quot;<\/li>\n<li>\u9a71\u52a8\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u5907\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u9a71\u52a8\u628a\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u4e86\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u70b9&quot;\u6253\u5370&quot;\u6309\u94ae\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.2 I\/O\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001DMA<\/h3>\n<p><strong>CPU\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053I\/O\u8bbe\u5907\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\uff1a\u8f6e\u8be2\uff08Polling\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CPU\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u95ee\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a&quot;\u4f60\u597d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u597d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u597d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f&quot;<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">while (!device_ready()) {\n    \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\n}\nread_data();<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\u7b80\u5355<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\u6d6a\u8d39CPU\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e2d\u65ad\uff08Interrupt\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u5907\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u901a\u77e5CPU\uff1a&quot;\u6211\u597d\u4e86\uff01&quot;<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u6536\u5230\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6682\u505c\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5904\u7406I\/O\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e0d\u6d6a\u8d39CPU\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u6709\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e09\uff1aDMA\uff08Direct Memory Access\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u8bbe\u5907\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7CPU\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u53ea\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u544a\u8bc9DMA\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff1a\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u8bfb\uff0c\u5199\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u8bfb\u591a\u5c11<\/li>\n<li>DMA\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cDMA\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u901a\u77e5CPU<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>CPU\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684DMA\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e2d\u65ad+DMA\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>6.3 \u540c\u6b65I\/O vs \u5f02\u6b65I\/O<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u540c\u6b65I\/O\uff1a\u7b49\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">data = read_file(\"test.txt\");  \/\/ \u963b\u585e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6210\nprocess(data);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528read_file\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u53bb\u9910\u5385\u70b9\u9910\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u67dc\u53f0\u7b49\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u62ff\u5230\u98df\u7269\u624d\u79bb\u5f00\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\uff1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">read_file_async(\"test.txt\", callback);  \/\/ \u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\ndo_other_work();  \/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\n\/\/ \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528callback<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528read_file_async\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u53bb\u9910\u5385\u70b9\u9910\uff0c\u62ff\u4e2a\u53f7\u7801\u724c\uff0c\u53bb\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7b49\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u53eb\u4f60\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001GUI\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u4e5f\u6709\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f16\u7a0b\u66f4\u590d\u6742<\/li>\n<li>\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0&quot;\u56de\u8c03\u5730\u72f1&quot;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6.4 \u7f13\u51b2\uff1a\u63d0\u9ad8I\/O\u6548\u7387<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7f13\u51b2\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3aI\/O\u8bbe\u5907\u6bd4CPU\u6162\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u8bfb\u51991\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\uff08Buffer\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u5feb\u9012\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5bc4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u88f9\u5c31\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u8f66\u8d27\u518d\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bfb\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000; i++) {\n    char c = read_one_byte();  \/\/ \u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb1\u5b57\u8282\uff0c1000\u6b21I\/O\n}\n\n\/\/ \u7528\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a\nchar buffer[1000];\nread_block(buffer, 1000);  \/\/ \u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb1000\u5b57\u8282\uff0c1\u6b21I\/O<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000; i++) {\n    write_one_byte(data[i]);  \/\/ 1000\u6b21I\/O\n}\n\n\/\/ \u7528\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a\nwrite_block(data, 1000);  \/\/ 1\u6b21I\/O<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f13\u51b2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e93\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\uff08\u5982C\u7684stdio\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff1aOS\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7f13\u51b2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u786c\u4ef6\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u7f13\u51b2<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u8981fflush()\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u771f\u6b63\u5199\u5165<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u5feb\uff08\u6709\u9875\u9762\u7f13\u5b58\uff09<\/li>\n<li>SSD\u6bd4\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\u5feb\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u8fde\u63a5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/h2>\n<h3>7.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8981\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f&quot;\u534f\u8bae&quot;\uff08Protocol\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u9700\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf4\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u90ae\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>7\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c7\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42    \u2190 \u4f60\u8981\u5bc4\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\n\u8868\u793a\u5c42    \u2190 \u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u56fe\u7247\uff09\n\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42    \u2190 \u5bc4\u4fe1\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08\u4e00\u6765\u4e00\u56de\uff09\n\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42    \u2190 \u5feb\u9012\u8fd8\u662f\u5e73\u4fe1\uff08\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff09\n\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42    \u2190 \u6536\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\uff08\u8def\u7531\uff09\n\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42 \u2190 \u5feb\u9012\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6d41\u7a0b\n\u7269\u7406\u5c42    \u2190 \u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u98de\u673a\u3001\u706b\u8f66\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7528\u7684\u662fTCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42   \u2190 HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u3001DNS...\n\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42   \u2190 TCP\u3001UDP\n\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42   \u2190 IP\n\u94fe\u8def\u5c42   \u2190 \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u3001WiFi...<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>7.2 \u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8f93\u5165URL\u5230\u770b\u5230\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u62c6\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c1\u6b65\uff1aDNS\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\uff1awww.example.com\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\nDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b54\uff1a93.184.216.34<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u8981\u5bc4\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u67e5\u5730\u5740\u672c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c2\u6b65\uff1a\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff08SYN\uff09\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u540c\u610f\uff08SYN-ACK\uff09\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\uff08ACK\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u524d\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u5582\uff0c\u542c\u5f97\u5230\u5417\uff1f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u542c\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f60\u5462\uff1f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u6211\u4e5f\u542c\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u5427\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u4e0d\u884c\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u65e7\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e72\u6270\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c3\u6b65\uff1a\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\nHost: www.example.com\nUser-Agent: Chrome\/91.0\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u628a\u4fe1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u597d\uff0c\u653e\u8fdb\u4fe1\u5c01\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c4\u6b65\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u8005\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c5\u6b65\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56deHTTP\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text\/html\nContent-Length: 1234\n...\n\n&lt;html&gt;\n  &lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Example&lt;\/title&gt;&lt;\/head&gt;\n  &lt;body&gt;...&lt;\/body&gt;\n&lt;\/html&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c6\u6b65\uff1a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6e32\u67d3\u9875\u9762<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790HTML\uff0c\u6784\u5efaDOM\u6811<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790CSS\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6837\u5f0f\u6811<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408DOM\u6811\u548c\u6837\u5f0f\u6811\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6e32\u67d3\u6811<\/li>\n<li>\u5e03\u5c40\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed8\u5236\uff1a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u753b\u51fa\u6765<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c7\u6b65\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a\u6211\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\uff08FIN\uff09\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff08ACK\uff09\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u6211\u4e5f\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\uff08FIN\uff09\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u89c1\uff08ACK\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u6211\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u597d\u7684\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u90a3\u6211\u6302\u4e86\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p>&quot;\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u89c1\u3002&quot;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u95ed\u9700\u8981\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3aTCP\u662f\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u786e\u8ba4\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7.3 TCP vs UDP\uff1a\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93 vs \u9ad8\u6548\u4f20\u8f93<\/h3>\n<p><strong>TCP\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff1a\u53ef\u9760\u4f46\u6162<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u5bc4\u6302\u53f7\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9001\u8fbe<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\u56de\u6267<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u6162\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u8981\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u4e0d\u8ba9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u5904\u7406\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u4e0d\u8ba9\u7f51\u7edc\u592a\u62e5\u6324\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\uff08HTTP\/HTTPS\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\uff08FTP\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u90ae\u4ef6\uff08SMTP\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff08SSH\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UDP\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4f46\u5feb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u5bc4\u5e73\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9001\u8fbe<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\u56de\u6267<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u5feb\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u4e71\u5e8f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89c6\u9891\u76f4\u64ad\uff08\u4e22\u51e0\u5e27\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8bed\u97f3\u901a\u8bdd\uff08\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\uff0c\u4e22\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\uff08\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6bd4\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/li>\n<li>DNS\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u91cd\u53d1\u5c31\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>7.4 IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730<\/h3>\n<p><strong>IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u95e8\u724c\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IPv4\u5730\u5740\uff1a32\u4f4d\uff0c\u5199\u62104\u4e2a0-255\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>192.168.1.1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>IPv6\u5730\u5740\uff1a128\u4f4d\uff0c\u5199\u62108\u7ec416\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981IPv6\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3aIPv4\u53ea\u67092\u00b3\u00b2 \u2248 43\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>IPv6\u67092\u00b9\u00b2\u2078 \u2248 3.4\u00d710\u00b3\u2078\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u591f\u7528\u5f88\u4e45\u5f88\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5bfc\u822a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20&quot;\u8def\u7531\u8868&quot;\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc        \u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\n192.168.1.0\/24  \u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\n10.0.0.0\/8      \u8def\u7531\u5668A\n0.0.0.0\/0       \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u770b\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u627e\u6700\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u5feb\u9012\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u5bc4\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u5feb\u9012<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u5206\u62e8\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/li>\n<li>\u518d\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u62e8\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u540e\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u67d0\u4e2a\u914d\u9001\u7ad9<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u9001\u5458\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u624b\u4e0a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>7.5 NAT\uff1a\u8ba9\u79c1\u6709IP\u4e5f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7f51<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\uff1aIPv4\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u591f\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f46IPv4\u53ea\u670943\u4ebf\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1aNAT\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51IP\u5206\u7ed9\u5f88\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u516c\u53f8\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u724c\u53f7\uff08\u516c\u7f51IP\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5458\u5de5\uff08\u79c1\u6709IP\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u5bc4\u4fe1\u5230\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u95e8\u724c\u53f7\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u524d\u53f0\u6536\u5230\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5458\u5de5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>NAT\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u8bbe\u5907          \u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08NAT\uff09      \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\n192.168.1.2:5000 \u2192 \u516c\u7f51IP:\u7aef\u53e31 \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\n192.168.1.3:6000 \u2192 \u516c\u7f51IP:\u7aef\u53e32 \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20NAT\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5185\u90e8\u5730\u5740:\u7aef\u53e3      \u5916\u90e8\u7aef\u53e3\n192.168.1.2:5000  \u7aef\u53e31\n192.168.1.3:6000  \u7aef\u53e32<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u51fa\u53bb\u65f6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6539\u6210\u516c\u7f51IP<\/li>\n<li>\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u6539\u6210\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728NAT\u8868\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u56de\u6765\u65f6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5NAT\u8868<\/li>\n<li>\u6539\u56de\u5185\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bb6\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51IP<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u7f51\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684IP<\/li>\n<li>P2P\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u8981&quot;\u6253\u6d1e&quot;\u6280\u672f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f18\u5316\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8dd1\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb<\/h2>\n<h3>8.1 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<p>\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fc7\u65e9\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e07\u6076\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Donald Knuth\u8bf4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5148\u628a\u529f\u80fd\u505a\u5bf9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5148\u5199\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u786e\u4fdd\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u786e<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff08Profiling\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u74f6\u9888<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u74f6\u9888\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6b63\u786e<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>**\u91cd\u590d3-5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6027\u80fd\u6ee1\u610f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u4f60\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u6d4b\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>20%\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6d88\u801780%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u6cd5\u5219\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4f18\u5316\u8fd920%\u6bd4\u4f18\u5316\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u6548\u5f97\u591a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>8.2 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u8f93\u5165\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u957f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O(1)\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8f93\u5165\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int getFirst(int arr[]) {\n    return arr[0];  \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0cO(1)\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>O(log n)\uff1a\u5bf9\u6570\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\nint binarySearch(int arr[], int n, int target) {\n    int left = 0, right = n - 1;\n    while (left &lt;= right) {\n        int mid = (left + right) \/ 2;\n        if (arr[mid] == target) return mid;\n        if (arr[mid] &lt; target) left = mid + 1;\n        else right = mid - 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>O(n)\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u904d\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int findMax(int arr[], int n) {\n    int max = arr[0];\n    for (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n        if (arr[i] &gt; max) max = arr[i];\n    }\n    return max;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>O(n log n)\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>O(n\u00b2)\uff1a\u5e73\u65b9\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53cc\u91cd\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\n    for (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\n        if (arr[i] &gt; arr[j]) {\n            swap(arr[i], arr[j]);\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>O(2\u207f)\uff1a\u6307\u6570\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u8981\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u6734\u7d20\u7684\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u9012\u5f52\nint fib(int n) {\n    if (n &lt;= 1) return n;\n    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);  \/\/ \u6307\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\uff01\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>n = 1000\u65f6\uff1a\nO(1)     = 1\nO(log n) = 10\nO(n)     = 1,000\nO(n\u00b2)    = 1,000,000\nO(2\u207f)    = \u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5fae\u89c2\u4f18\u5316\u90fd\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>8.3 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5185\u5b58\u968f\u8f93\u5165\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u957f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int fib(int n) {\n    if (n &lt;= 1) return n;\n    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1aO(2\u207f)\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1aO(n)\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u6808\u6df1\u5ea6\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int fib(int n) {\n    if (n &lt;= 1) return n;\n    int a = 0, b = 1;\n    for (int i = 2; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n        int c = a + b;\n        a = b;\n        b = c;\n    }\n    return b;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1aO(n)\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1aO(1)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">int fib(int n) {\n    if (n &lt;= 1) return n;\n    int dp[n+1];\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    for (int i = 2; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1aO(n)\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1aO(n)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6bd4\u9012\u5f52\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>8.4 \u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5c40\u90e8\u6027<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5f88\u5c0f\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5173\u952e\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff08Locality\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u521a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u518d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7559\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u6309\u5217\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u5217\u4f18\u5148\uff09\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; N; j++) {\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; N; i++) {\n        sum += matrix[i][j];  \/\/ \u8df3\u8dc3\u8bbf\u95ee\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5229\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u6309\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u884c\u4f18\u5148\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; N; i++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j &lt; N; j++) {\n        sum += matrix[i][j];  \/\/ \u8fde\u7eed\u8bbf\u95ee\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3aC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6309\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>matrix[0][0], matrix[0][1], matrix[0][2], ...\nmatrix[1][0], matrix[1][1], matrix[1][2], ...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6309\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u5217\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u8df3\u8dc3\u7684\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b9e\u6d4b\u5dee\u8ddd\u53ef\u8fbe\u6570\u500d\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u500d\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>8.5 \u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a\u8ba9CPU\u731c\u5bf9<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u652f\u8d70\u5411\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">if (x &gt; 0) {\n    \/\/ \u5206\u652fA\n} else {\n    \/\/ \u5206\u652fB\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>CPU\u4f1a\u731c\uff1a\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8d70\u5206\u652fA\u8fd8\u662f\u5206\u652fB\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u731c\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u731c\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u56de\u9000\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u9884\u6d4b\u51c6\u786e\u7387\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u8ba9\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u597d\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u7684\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\n    if (random() &gt; 0.5) {  \/\/ \u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u96be\u9884\u6d4b\n        doSomething();\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u597d\uff1a\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\n    if (i &lt; n\/2) {  \/\/ \u524d\u534a\u6bb5true\uff0c\u540e\u534a\u6bb5false\uff0c\u597d\u9884\u6d4b\n        doSomething();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2. \u51cf\u5c11\u5206\u652f<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u597d\uff1a\u6709\u5206\u652f\nint max(int a, int b) {\n    if (a &gt; b) return a;\n    else return b;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u597d\uff1a\u65e0\u5206\u652f\nint max(int a, int b) {\n    return a &gt; b ? a : b;  \/\/ \u4e09\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u6210\u65e0\u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u7801\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3. \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u5148\u6392\u5e8f\nsort(arr, n);\n\n\/\/ \u518d\u5904\u7406\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\n    if (arr[i] &gt; threshold) {  \/\/ \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u652f\u66f4\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\n        doSomething();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8.6 \u5e76\u884c\u5316\uff1a\u8ba9\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5355\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u80fd\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bb9\u6613\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u5904\u7406100\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\u72ec\u7acb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {\n    process_image(images[i]);\n}\n\n\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\uff1a\nparallel_for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {\n    process_image(images[i]);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u96be\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u4f9d\u8d56\u524d\u4e00\u9879\nfor (int i = 2; i &lt; n; i++) {\n    fib[i] = fib[i-1] + fib[i-2];  \/\/ \u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e76\u884c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u963f\u59c6\u8fbe\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08Amdahl&#8217;s Law\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d50%\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7528\u65e0\u9650\u591a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u53472\u500d\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e6\u591650%\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6240\u4ee5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8981\u5e76\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u5148\u627e\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<li>\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u51cf\u5c11\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u884c<\/h2>\n<h3>9.1 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5669\u68a6\uff1aBug<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fBug\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5d29\u6e83<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed9\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Bug\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff1a\u5199\u9519\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff08\u6700\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u9664\u96f6\u3001\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u5173\u95ed\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb&quot;Bug&quot;\uff08\u866b\u5b50\uff09\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1947\u5e74\uff0cGrace Hopper\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5Harvard Mark II\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u53ea\u98de\u86fe\u5361\u5728\u7ee7\u7535\u5668\u91cc\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5979\u628a\u98de\u86fe\u8d34\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5199\u9053\uff1a&quot;First actual case of bug being found.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&quot;Bug&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9.2 \u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u91cd\u73b0Bug<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u91cd\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u9694\u79bb\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u7f29\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u4fee\u590dBug<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. \u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u4fee\u590d\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u5165\u65b0Bug\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u6253\u5370\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u6709\u6548\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">printf(\"DEBUG: x = %dn\", x);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2. \u65ad\u70b9\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\uff08GDB\u3001LLDB\u3001VS Debugger\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u8c03\u7528\u6808<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. \u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">log(\"INFO\", \"User logged in: %s\", username);\nlog(\"ERROR\", \"Failed to open file: %s\", filename);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>4. \u65ad\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">assert(x &gt; 0);  \/\/ \u5982\u679cx &lt;= 0\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u6a61\u76ae\u9e2d\u8c03\u8bd5\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5411\u6a61\u76ae\u9e2d\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u4e0b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7d2f\u4e86\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u73b0Bug\u3002\u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6362\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bug\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5728\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8981\u6269\u5927\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7528Git\u67e5\u770b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5f15\u5165Bug\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9.3 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n<p><strong>&quot;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u9519\u3002&quot;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014 Edsger Dijkstra<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5355\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">void test_add() {\n    assert(add(2, 3) == 5);\n    assert(add(-1, 1) == 0);\n    assert(add(0, 0) == 0);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2. \u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u4ee3\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u7834\u574f\u65e7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff08TDD\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5148\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8ba9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u590d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>TDD\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f3a\u5236\u601d\u8003\u9700\u6c42<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/li>\n<li>\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u5fc3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1a\u603b\u7ed3\u2014\u2014\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u753b\u5377<\/h2>\n<h3>10.1 \u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u7f16\u5199\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c1\u6b65\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7528\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\uff08C\u3001Python\u3001Java\u7b49\uff09\u7f16\u5199\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c2\u6b65\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\/\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 \u2192 \u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 \u2192 \u89e3\u91ca\u5668 \u2192 \u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c3\u6b65\uff1a\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c4\u6b65\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u628a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5206\u914d\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u8f7d\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6808\u548c\u5806<\/li>\n<li>\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5165\u53e3\u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c5\u6b65\uff1a\u6267\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CPU\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>while (\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672a\u7ed3\u675f) {\n    \u53d6\u6307\u4ee4 (Fetch)\n    \u89e3\u7801   (Decode)\n    \u6267\u884c   (Execute)\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c6\u6b65\uff1a\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c7\u6b65\uff1a\u7ed3\u675f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10.2 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a0\u548c1\u7684\u821e\u8e48<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u505a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c0\u548c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CPU\u53ea\u8ba4\u8bc6\u673a\u5668\u7801\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7801\u53ea\u67090\u548c1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f0\u548c1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u786c\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f0\u548c1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u662f0\u548c1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b0\u548c1\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u7b14\u753b\u53ea\u6709\u6a2a\u7ad6\u6487\u637a\u6298\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u53ea\u67097\u4e2a\u97f3\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u65e0\u6570\u52a8\u542c\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u53ea\u67094\u79cd\u78b1\u57fa\uff08ATCG\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>10.3 \u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u60f3\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bfb\u5b8c\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u60f3\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CPU\u53ea\u4f1a\u505a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u79fb\u4f4d\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u5173\u952e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u673a\u5668\u7801\u5230\u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u90fd\u8ba9\u7f16\u7a0b\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u5e95\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5199\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u7ef4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0eCPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. \u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4f60<\/h2>\n<h3>\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6280\u672f\u4e66<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u8ba9\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3<\/h3>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u624b\u673a\u3001\u7535\u8111\u3001\u5e73\u677f<\/li>\n<li>\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u5bb6\u7535\u3001\u624b\u8868<\/li>\n<li>\u533b\u9662\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u5b66\u6821<\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u519c\u573a\u3001\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba,\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u662f\u9b54\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u4e16\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u6670<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7535\u8111\u4f1a\u5361\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7b80\u5355<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u673a\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u591a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u61c2\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u591a\u4e00\u4efd\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fd920000\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u59cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6d53\u7f29\u4e86\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u53bb\u8bfb\u539f\u4e66\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4f1a\u5e2e\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4f1a\u5e2e\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4e4b\u4e00<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ece1946\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aENIAC\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u523080\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>80\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fe1\u606f\u77ac\u95f4\u4f20\u904d\u5168\u7403<\/li>\n<li>\u77e5\u8bc6\u89e6\u624b\u53ef\u53ca<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u9020\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u57280\u548c1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u81f4\u656c\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4<\/h3>\n<p>\u611f\u8c22\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u662f\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u793c\u7269\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u81f4\u656c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5947\u7684\u7075\u9b42<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u4efd\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4f60\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<\/h2>\n<p>\u8bfb\u5b8c\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\u5165\u95e8\u7ea7\u4e66\u7c4d<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. \u300a\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u9690\u533f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aCharles Petzold<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6700\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u7ee7\u7535\u5668\u8bb2\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u300a\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CSAPP\uff09\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aRandal E. Bryant, David R. O&#8217;Hallaron<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6709\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u77e2\u6cfd\u4e45\u96c4<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u7684\u59ca\u59b9\u7bc7\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fdb\u9636\u4e3b\u9898<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9CPU\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff08Patterson &amp; Hennessy\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff08OSTEP\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u300b\uff08Tanenbaum\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u81ea\u9876\u5411\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b<\/li>\n<li>\u300aTCP\/IP\u8be6\u89e3\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u7f16\u8bd1\u539f\u7406\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300a\u7f16\u8bd1\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff08\u9f99\u4e66\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u517b\uff1a\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u4e0e\u5e93\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5b9e\u8df5\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>MIT\u76846.828\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684CS143\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6559\u4f60\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u505a\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u6a21\u62df\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u62dfCPU\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9CPU\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u53c2\u4e0e\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728GitHub\u4e0a\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4PR\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5728\u7ebf\u8d44\u6e90<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Coursera \/ edX<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u5c16\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>YouTube<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Computerphile\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u9891\u9053<\/li>\n<li>MIT OpenCourseWare\uff1aMIT\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8bfe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4e2d\u6587\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66MOOC<\/li>\n<li>bilibili\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u540e\u8bb0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u601d\u8003<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e13\u4e1a\u51fa\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u662f\u9b54\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6572\u51e0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8dd1\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u56f0\u6270\u4e86\u6211\u5f88\u4e45\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u8bfb\u4e86\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u89e3\u7b54\u4e86\u6211\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u8ba9\u6211\u660e\u767d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u662f\u9b54\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u7528\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6c57\u6c34\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005<\/h3>\n<p>2000\u5e74\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u666e\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3iPhone\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2010\u5e74\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2016\u5e74\uff0cAlphaGo\u6218\u80dc\u674e\u4e16\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2022\u5e74\uff0cChatGPT\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ece\u62e8\u53f7\u4e0a\u7f51\uff0c\u52305G\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u673a\uff0c\u5230\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ece\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u79d1\u5e7b\uff0c\u5230AI\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7d20\u517b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf100\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8bc6\u5b57\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7d20\u517b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7d20\u517b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u7528\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u8fd9\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bc8\u9a97\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6cc4\u9732\u9690\u79c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u8fd9\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u529b\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u638c\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5de5\u5177\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5199\u7ed9\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4f60<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u60f3\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5145\u6ee1\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60<\/li>\n<li>\u5145\u6ee1\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u60f3\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u5145\u6ee1\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\u4e30\u539a<\/li>\n<li>\u5145\u6ee1\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u8ffd\u6c42\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8981\u601d\u8003\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u5199\u7ed9\u540c\u884c\u7684\u4f60<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u60f3\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u662f\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8981\u601d\u8003\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u300b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e66\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56de\u5230\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u5199\u7ed9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u5df1<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u5199\u5b8c\u8fd920000\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6df1\u591c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a97\u5916\u4e07\u5bb6\u706f\u706b\uff0c\u6bcf\u76cf\u706f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u8111\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c06\u6765\u56de\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u597d\u5947\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ecd\u7136\u613f\u610f\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a0\u548c1\u7684\u8bd7\u7bc7<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bd7\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u7bc7\u957f\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\n\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\n0 \u548c 1\n\n\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\n\u5374\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u5207\n\n\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684DNA\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\n\u6570\u5b57\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\n\n\u4ece 0 \u5230 1\n\u662f\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u95ed\u5408\n\u662f\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\n\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5224\u65ad\n\n\u4ece 1 \u5230\u65e0\u7a77\n\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\n\u662f\u521b\u9020\u7684\u529b\u91cf\n\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u6167\n\n\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\n\u90fd\u662f 0 \u548c 1 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